Discovery of Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

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Synthesis of heteroleptic pyrrolide/bipyridyl complexes of ruthenium(II)

The synthesis and characterization of the first heteroleptic pyrrolide/2,2?-bipyridyl complexes of ruthenium(II) are reported. Pyrroles substituted at the 2-position with X = O functionality react with Ru(bipy) 2Cl2¡¤2H2O to form complexes in which the pyrrolide ligands chelate to Ru(II). The library of pyrroles includes 2-formyl, 2-keto, 2-carboxylato, 2-sulfinyl, and 2-sulfonyl derivatives.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A Readily Accessible Class of Chiral Cp Ligands and their Application in RuII-Catalyzed Enantioselective Syntheses of Dihydrobenzoindoles

Chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) ligands have a large application potential in enantioselective transition-metal catalysis. However, the development of concise and practical routes to such ligands remains in its infancy. We present a convenient and efficient two-step synthesis of a novel class of chiral Cpx ligands with tunable steric properties that can be readily used for complexation, giving CpxRhI, CpxIrI, and CpxRuII complexes. The potential of this ligand class is demonstrated with the latter in the enantioselective cyclization of azabenzonorbornadienes with alkynes, affording dihydrobenzoindoles in up to 98:2 e.r., significantly outperforming existing binaphthyl-derived Cpx ligands.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Final Thoughts on Chemistry for Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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Continuous-flow asymmetric hydrogenation of the beta-keto ester methyl propionylacetate in ionic liquid-supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems

A continuous-flow process for the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl propionylacetate as a prototypical beta-keto ester in a biphasic system of ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is presented. An established ruthenium/2,2?-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1?-binaphthyl (BINAP) catalyst was immobilised in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid while scCO2 was used as mobile phase transporting reactants in and products out of the reactor. The use of acidic additives led to significantly higher reaction rates and enhanced catalyst stability albeit at slightly reduced enantioselectivity. High single pass conversions (>90%) and good enantioselectivity (80-82% ee) were achieved in the first 80h. The initial catalyst activity was retained to 91% after 100h and to 69% after 150h time-on-stream, whereas the enantioselectivity remained practically constant during the entire process. A total turnover number of ?21,000 and an averaged space-time yield (STYav) of 149g L-1 h -1 were reached in a long-term experiment. No ruthenium and phosphorus contaminants could be detected via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in the product stream and almost quantitative retention by the analysis of the stationary phase was confirmed. A comparison between batch-wise and continuous-flow operation on the basis of these data is provided. Copyright

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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Synthesis and characterization of some homo/hetero binuclear hydrido carbonyl ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes

Mononuclear hydrido carbonyl complex [RuH(CO)(PPh3) 2-(eta2-tptz)]BF4 (tptz = 2,4,6-tris-(2?-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) has been used as a building block in the synthesis of homo/hetero binuclear complexes. The complex [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(tptz)]BF4 behaves as a potential metallo-ligand. Its reaction with different molecules ranging from K2PtCl4, [PdCl2(PhCN)2], chloro-bridged dimeric arene ruthenium complexes [{Ru(eta 6-arene)(mu-Cl)Cl}2] (arene = p-cymene or benzene), [{Rh(eta5-C5Me5)(mu-Cl)Cl}2] and [Rh(COD)(mu-Cl)]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) leads to the formation of binuclear complexes. The homo and hetero binuclear tptz bridged complexes [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(mu-tptz)PtCl 2]BF4, [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(mu -tptz)PdCl2]BF4, [RuH(CO)(PPh3) 2(mu-tptz)-(eta6-C10H 14)RuCl](BF4)2, [RuH(CO)(PPh3) 2(mu-tptz)(eta6-C6Me 6)-RuCl](BF4)2, [RuH(CO)(PPh3) 2(mu-tptz)(eta2-COD)Rh](BF4)2 and [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(mu-tptz)Rh(eta5-C 5Me5)Cl](BF4)2 have been synthesized and characterized using IR, NMR, ESMS and FAB mass spectra.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, 15746-57-3, the author is Fitchett, Christopher M. and a compound is mentioned, 15746-57-3, Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), introducing its new discovery.

Synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, spectroscopy and electrochemistry of ruthenium(II) complexes of two chelating ligands containing [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine subunits

Bis(2,2?-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes of two chelating ligands containing [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine subunits have been prepared. X-ray crystal structures show that this ring system remains intact upon coordination to ruthenium. Spectroscopic and electrochemical data reflect the electron-rich nature of these ligands.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Proton-induced dynamic equilibrium between cyclometalated ruthenium rNHC (remote N-heterocyclic carbene) tautomers with an NAD+/NADH function

Cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes having acridine moieties have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Protonation of the acridine nitrogen of the ruthenium(II) complexes not only causes dynamic equilibrium with remote N-heterocyclic carbene Ru=C complexes but also generates the NAD+/NADH redox function driven by a proton-coupled two-electron transfer accompanying a reversible C-H bond formation in the pyridinium ring.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

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Ruthenium phenolates, synthesis, characterization and electron-transfer properties of some salicylaldiminato and 2-(arylazo)phenolato complexes of ruthenium

Eleven mixed-ligand ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(bpy)2 (L)]ClO4 [bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine. L = salicylaldiminate or 2-(arylazo) phenolate anion] have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes are diamagnetic (low-spin d6, S = 0) and in solution show intense MLCT transitions in the visible region. In acetonitrile solution they all show a reversible ruthenium(II) ruthenium(III) oxidation in the range 0.5-0.9 V versus SCE and an irreversible ruthenium(III)-ruthenium(IV) oxidation near 1.6 V versus SCE. The potential of the ruthenium(II) ruthenium(III) couple is sensitive to the nature of substituents on the ligand L. Two successive one-electron reductions of the coordinated bpy are also observed near -1.5 and -1.8 V versus SCE. Two representative [RuIII(bpy)2(L)]2+ complexes have been synthesized by chemical oxidation of their ruthenium(II) precursors by aqueous ceric solution and isolated as perchlorate salts. These oxidized complexes are paramagnetic (low-spin d5, S = 1/2) and show rhombic ESR spectra at 77 K. They show intense LMCT transitions in the visible region in acetonitrile solution together with weak ligand-field transitions at lower energies. Chemical reduction of these ruthenium(III) complexes by hydrazine gives back the parent ruthenium(II) complexes. In acetonitrile solution the [RuIII(bpy)2(L)]2+ complexes oxidize N.N-dimethyl aniline, 1,2-napthoquinone-1-oxime, [RuII(bpy)2Cl2] and [FeII(C5H5)2] to produce N,N,N?,N?-tetramethylbenzidine, 1,2-napthoquinone-1-iminoxy radical, [RuIII(bpy)2Cl2]+ and [FeIII(C5H5)2]+, respectively, which have been characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Custom-fit ruthenium(II) metallopeptides: A new twist to DNA binding with coordination compounds

A new bipyridine building block has been used for the solid-phase synthesis of dinuclear DNA-binding ruthenium(II) metallopeptides. Detailed spectroscopic studies suggest that these compounds bind to the DNA by insertion into the DNA minor groove. Moreover, the potential of the solid-phase peptide synthesis approach is demonstrated by the straightforward synthesis of an octaarginine derivative that shows effective cellular internalization and cytotoxicity linked with strong DNA interaction, as evidenced by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and AFM studies. Metallopeptides made-to-measure: A new bipyridine building block has been used for the solid-phase synthesis of dinuclear DNA-binding ruthenium(II) metallopeptides. The potential of the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is demonstrated by the straightforward synthesis of an octaarginine derivative that shows effective cellular internalization and cytotoxicity linked with strong DNA interaction (see figure). Copyright

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Silane: A new linker for chromophores in dye-sensitised solar cells

A series of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, with novel silane functionalisation, [Ru(bipy)2(bipy-sil)](PF6)2 (3), [Ru(bipy-sil)2Cl2] (6), and [Ru(bipy-sil) 2(NCS)2] (7) have been synthesised and tested as chromophores (dyes) in TiO2 and WO3 based dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The performance of the respective DSSCs were compared to analogous dyes with ionic carboxylate ([Ru(bipy)2(dcbipy)](PF 6)2 (1), [Ru(dcbipy)2Cl2] (4), [Ru(dcbipy)2(NCS)2] (5)) or phosphonate ([Ru(bipy) 2(dpipy)](PF6)2 (2)) linking groups. The covalent silane-metal oxide linkage offers much needed improvement to the operating conditions, and lifetime of DSSCs, in terms of pH range and choice of solvent. UV-Vis spectroscopy of the deep-red solutions showed that the bis-bipy-sil complexes absorbed more visible light than the tris-bipy complex, as indicated by the presence of two absorption bands and higher epsilon values. The UV-Vis spectrum of (3) contained a single broad absorption at 400-600 nm with: lambdamax = 457 nm; epsilon = 10 520 ¡À 440 L mol -1 cm-1, whereas two intense broad absorption bands were observed for novel bis-bipy-sil complexes (6): 340-370 nm (lambda max(1) = 365 nm, epsilon(1) = 12 716 ¡À 180 L mol-1 cm-1); and 440-540 nm (lambdamax(2) = 485 nm, epsilon(2) = 11 070 ¡À 150 L mol-1 cm -1), and (7): 340-400 nm (lambdamax = 371 nm, epsilon(1) = 20 690 ¡À 485 L mol-1 cm-1), and 460-530 nm (lambdamax = 500 nm and epsilon(2) = 20 750 ¡À 487 L mol-1 cm-1). The bands in (7) being significantly more defined. A 10-fold improvement in the efficiency of the bipy-sil TiO2-based DSSCs was observed from (3) to (6) to (7). This performance was lower than that of the commercial N3 dye, [Ru(dcbipy) 2(NCS)2] (5), but the current of (7) on WO3, was comparable to that of the carboxylate system (4). There is considerable potential for further improvement by modification of the silyl linker, reducing the long non-conjugated propyl chain between the amide group and the silatrane (bipy-sil), to a short, conjugated link. During an extensive synthetic study, the most promising strategy was identified as direct linkage, the formation of a direct Si-C bond, using butyllithium with 4,4?-dibromo-2,2?- bipyridine and either trimethylsilane or 1-ethoxysilatrane, provided that the product can be captured and stabilised prior to binding to a metal oxide coated DSSC substrate.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI