Tag: M.W:200-300

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Adsorption and Microcalorimetric Measurements on the Interaction of CO and H2 with Polycrystalline Ru and Ru/TiO2 Catalyst

A microcalorimeter equipped with gas circulation cells and coupled at outlet to a gas chromatograph was used for the simultaneous measurements of the uptake and the differential heat (qd) evolved during the adsorption of CO and H2 pulses over polycrystalline ruthenium metal and a RuTiO2 catalyst in the temperature range 300-475 K and as a function of surface coverage. The initial differential heat for the adsorption of CO and H2 over polycrystalline ruthenium at 300 K was 120 and 65 kJ mol-1, respectively, the corresponding values in the case of RuTiO2 being around 130 and 57 kJ mol-1. With the rise in sample temperature, the qd for CO adsorption over Ru metal remained almost constant, while in the case of Ru/TiO2 it decreased substantially. The fraction of CO or H2 adsorbed, conversion of COad to CO2, and the corresponding values of heat evolved showed different trends, when these samples were exposed to the successive CO or H2 pulses at different temperatures. The H2 adsorption is found to be suppressed on Ru/TiO2, particularly at the low sample temperatures. Also, the CO adsorption over Ru/TiO2 at temperatures above 400 K resulted in the partial reduction of the support, and this is facilitated by the heat evolved at the metal/support interfaces during CO chemisorption. On the other hand, the CO dissociation followed by CO(ad) + O(ad) reaction was a predominant step giving rise to CO2 formation in the case of Ru metal. This study also confirms that, for both the samples, while the CO adsorption remains uninhibited by the preadsorbed H2, the catalyst surface covered with the CO was completely inaccessible to subsequent H2 adsorption.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Chemical transformation from FePt to Fe1-xPtMx (M = Ru, Ni, Sn) nanocrystals by a cation redox reaction: X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies

New ternary metal nanocrystals of Fe1-xPtMx (M = Ru3+, Sn2+, or Ni2+) were synthesized by chemical transformation from FePt nanocrystals using a cation redox reaction in a solution. The structure and composition of resulting nanocrystals were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to confirm the chemical transformation from FePt to Fe1-xPtRux nanocrystals. The analyses of extended X-ray absorption find structure (EXAFS) revealed the detailed binding structures and coordination numbers of both FePt and Fe1-xPtRux nanocrystals. The results suggested that iron atoms of FePt lattices were oxidized to be Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and were replaced by ruthenium atoms from the reduction of Ru3+ ions in solution to form Fe1-xPtRux lattices. Our method has opened a new route to easily and rapidly prepare a solid-solution type of ternary metal nanocrystals for catalytic applications. Copyright

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Nitrosyl ruthenium complexes with general formula [RuCl3(NO)(P-P)] (P-P = {PPh2(CH2)nPPh2}, n = 1-3 and {PPh2-CH = CH-PPh2}). X-ray structure of [RuCl3(NO){PPh2(CH2)3PPh 2}]

Ruthenium(II) complexes with general formula [RuCl3(NO)(P-P)] were obtained in the solid state, where P-P = PPh2(CH2)nPPh2 (n = 1-3) and PPh2-CH = CH-PPh2. The 31P NMR spectra of these compounds measured in CH2Cl2 showed only singlets, consistent with a fac configuration containing two equivalent phosphorus atoms. However the X-ray diffraction data show that the [RuCl3(NO){PPh2(CH2)3PPh 2}] complex crystallizes in a mer configuration, where one of the phosphorus atoms is trans to the NO group, in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Copyright

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Recommanded Product: 10049-08-8

Reaction of trans-[RuNO(NH3)4(OH)]Cl2 with nitric acid and synthesis of ammine(nitrato)nitrosoruthenium complexes

The reaction of trans-[RuNO(NH3)4(OH)]Cl2 with nitric acid has been studied. Reaction prod- ucts have been identified by IR spectroscopy, NMR, mass spectrometry, powder and single-crystal X-ray dif- fraction, and chemical analysis. Synthesis methods have been developed for amminenitrosoruthenium com- plexes containing outer-sphere and coordinated nitrate ions: trans-[RuNO(NH3)4(H2O)](NO 3)3 (I), trans- [RuNO(NH3)4(NO 3)](NO3)2 (II), and fac-[RuNO(NH 3)2(NO3)3] (III). Complex II has two polymorphs: monoclinic and tetragonal. The latter has been studied by X-ray crystallography. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Microwave synthesis of polymer-embedded Pt-Ru catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell

Platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized within a conductive polymer matrix are prepared using microwave heating. Polypyrrole di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, or PPyDEHS, has been chosen for its known electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and solubility in polar organic solvents. A scalable and quick two-step process is proposed to fabricate alloyed nanoparticles dispersed in PPyDEHS. First a mixture of PPyDEHS and metallic precursors is heated in a microwave under reflux conditions. Then the nanoparticles are extracted by centrifugation. Physical characterization by TEM shows that crystalline and monodisperse alloyed nanoparticles with an average size of 2.8 nm are obtained. Diffraction data show that crystallite size is around 2.0 nm. Methanol electro-oxidation data allow us to propose these novel materials as potential candidates for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) application. The observed decrease in sulfur content in the polymer upon incorporation of PtRu nanoparticles may have adversely affected the measured catalytic activity by decreasing the conductivity of PPyDEHS. Higher concentration of polymer leads to lower catalyst activity. Design and synthesis of novel conductive polymers is needed at this point to enhance the catalytic properties of these hybrid materials.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, category: ruthenium-catalysts

Air-stable P-chiral bidentate phosphine ligand with (1-adamantyl) methylphosphino group

Air-stable diphosphine ligand, (R,R)-2,3-bis((1-adamantyl)-methylphosphino) quinoxaline, was prepared by the reaction of enantiomerically pure (S)-(1-adamantyl)methylphosphine-borane with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline. The ligand exhibited excellent enantioselectivities in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and Pd-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reaction. Copyright

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Reference of 10049-08-8, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Review£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8

Synthetic aspects of metal-catalyzed oxidations of amines and related reactions

The metabolism of amines is governed by a variety of enzymes such as amine oxidase, flavoenzyme, and cytochrome P-450. A wide variety of compounds are produced such as ammonia and alkaloids in selective and clean oxidation reactions that proceed under mild reaction conditions. Simulation of the functions of these enzymes with simple transition metal complex catalysts may lead to the discovery of biomimetic, catalytic oxidations of amines and related compounds. Indeed, metal complex catalyzed oxidations have been found to proceed with high efficiency. The first section of this review discusses the dehydrogenative oxidations of amines with transition metal catalysts by transition metal catalysts that simulate amine oxidase. The second section highlights the catalytic oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones by simulation of flavoenzymes. The third section describes the simulation of the function of cytochrome P-450 with low-valent ruthenium complexes and peroxides. Biomimetic ruthenium-catalyzed oxidations of tertiary amines, secondary amines, and other substrates such as amides, beta-lactams, nitriles, alcohols, alkenes, ketones, and even nonactivated hydrocarbons can be performed selectively under mild conditions. These three general approaches provide highly useful strategies for synthesis of fine chemicals and biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, amino acids, and beta-lactams.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

10049-08-8, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Review£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8

Synthetic aspects of metal-catalyzed oxidations of amines and related reactions

The metabolism of amines is governed by a variety of enzymes such as amine oxidase, flavoenzyme, and cytochrome P-450. A wide variety of compounds are produced such as ammonia and alkaloids in selective and clean oxidation reactions that proceed under mild reaction conditions. Simulation of the functions of these enzymes with simple transition metal complex catalysts may lead to the discovery of biomimetic, catalytic oxidations of amines and related compounds. Indeed, metal complex catalyzed oxidations have been found to proceed with high efficiency. The first section of this review discusses the dehydrogenative oxidations of amines with transition metal catalysts by transition metal catalysts that simulate amine oxidase. The second section highlights the catalytic oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones by simulation of flavoenzymes. The third section describes the simulation of the function of cytochrome P-450 with low-valent ruthenium complexes and peroxides. Biomimetic ruthenium-catalyzed oxidations of tertiary amines, secondary amines, and other substrates such as amides, beta-lactams, nitriles, alcohols, alkenes, ketones, and even nonactivated hydrocarbons can be performed selectively under mild conditions. These three general approaches provide highly useful strategies for synthesis of fine chemicals and biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, amino acids, and beta-lactams.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 10049-08-8 is helpful to your research., 10049-08-8

Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride10049-08-8, introducing its new discovery.

Hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride using Ru(0) nanoclusters as catalyst

Sodium borohydride is stable in aqueous alkaline solution, however, it hydrolyses in water to hydrogen gas in the presence of suitable catalyst. By this way hydrogen can be generated safely for the fuel cells. Generating H 2 catalytically from NaBH4 solutions has many advantages: NaBH4 solutions are nonflammable, reaction products are environmentally benign, rate of H2 generation is easily controlled, the reaction product NaBO2 can be recycled, H2 can be generated even at low temperatures. All of the catalysts that has been used in hydrolysis of sodium borohydride are bulk metals and they act as heterogeneous catalysts. The limited surface area of the heterogeneous catalysts causes lower catalytic activity as the activity of catalyst is directly related to its surface area. Thus, the use of metal nanoparticles with large surface area provides potential route to increase the catalytic activity. Here, we report, for the first time, the use of ruthenium(0) nanoclusters as catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride liberating hydrogen gas. The ruthenium nanoparticles are generated from the reduction of ruthenium(III) chloride by sodium borohydride in water and stabilized by specific ligand. The ruthenium(0) nanoclusters are found to be highly active catalyst for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride10049-08-8, introducing its new discovery.

Syntheses and properties of new metal-carbon bonded heteroleptic complexes of ruthenium(II) containing terpyridine coligand

Reactions of 2-(arylazo)aniline, HL [H represents the dissociable protons upon orthometallation and HL is p-RC6H4N = NC6H4-NH2; R = H for HL1; CH3 for HL2 and Cl for HL3] with Ru(R1-tpy)Cl3 (where R1-tpy is 4?-(R1)-2,2?,6??,2??-terpyridine and R1 = H or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl or 4-methylphenyl) afford a group of complexes of type [Ru(L)(R1-tpy)]¡¤ClO4 each of which contains C,N,N coordinated L- as a tridentate ligand along with a terpyridine. Structure of one such complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. All the Ru(II) complexes are diamagnetic, display characteristic 1H NMR signals and intense dpi(RuII) ? pi*(tpy) MLCT transitions in the visible region. Cyclic voltammetric studies on [Ru(L)(R1-tpy)]¡¤ClO4 complexes show Ru(II)-Ru(III) oxidation within 0.63-0.67 V versus SCE.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI