HPLC of Formula: 19481-82-4. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Bromopropanenitrile, is researched, Molecular C3H4BrN, CAS is 19481-82-4, about Mechanism of Halogen Exchange in ATRP. Author is Peng, Chi-How; Kong, Jing; Seeliger, Florian; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof.
Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that halogen exchange (HE) in ATRP can occur not only by a radical pathway (atom transfer) but also by an ionic pathway (SN2 reaction) because Cu(I)(L)X and Cu(II)(L)X2 complexes contain weakly associated halide anion that can participate in the SN2 reaction with alkyl halide (ATRP initiator). Both pathways were kinetically studied, and their contributions to the HE process were quant. evaluated for seven alkyl halides and three Cu(I)(L)Cl complexes. Radical pathway dominates the HE process for 3° and 2° alkyl bromides with more active complexes such as Cu(I)(TPMA)Cl. Interestingly, ionic pathway dominates for 1° alkyl bromides and less active ATRP catalysts. These studies also revealed that degree of association of alkyl halide anion depends on the structure of copper complexes. In addition, radical pathway is accompanied by the reverse reactions such as deactivation of radicals to alkyl bromides and also activation of alkyl chlorides, reducing the efficiency of halogen exchange.
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