In an article, published in an article, once mentioned the application of 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride,molecular formula is Cl3Ru, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.name: Ruthenium(III) chloride
Three ruthenium(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or NHC/2,2?:6?,2?-terpyridine (tpy) hybrid ligands, bis[2,6-bis(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid]ruthenium(II) (BCN), [2,6-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid](2,2?;6?2?-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) (TCN), and [2,6-bis(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)pyridine](2,2?;6?2?- terpyridine-4?-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) (CTN), have been synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The molecular geometry of the TCN complex was determined by X-ray crystallography. Electronic absorption spectra of these complexes exhibit typical pi-pi* and metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in the UV and visible regions, respectively. The lowest energy absorption maxima were 430, 448, and 463 nm with molar extinction coefficients of 28 100, 15 400, and 7400 M-1cm-1 for BCN, TCN, and CTN, respectively. Voltammetric data suggest that energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the three complexes reside within a 10 meV window despite the varying degrees of electronic effect of the constituent ligands. The electronic structures of these complexes calculated via density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the three HOMOs and the three lowest unoccupied MOs (LUMOs) are metal and ligand centered in character, for the former and the latter, respectively. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculation predicts that the lowest energy absorption bands of each complex are comprised of multiple one-electron excitations. TD-DFT calculation also suggests that the background of spectral red shift stems most likely from the stabilization of unoccupied MOs rather than the destabilization of occupied MOs. The overall efficiencies of the dye-sensitized solar cell systems of these complexes were found to be 0.48, 0.14, and 0.10% for BCN, TCN, and CTN, respectively, while that of a commercial bis(4,4?-dicarboxylato-2,2?-bipyridine)- bis(isothiocyanoto)ruthenium(II) (N719) system was 6.34%.
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Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI