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Ligand-Tuned C?H Bond Activation/Arylation of 2-Arylpyridines over Pyridine-Based N,O/N,N Ligated Ruthenium?Arene Complexes
Water-soluble ruthenium(II)?arene complexes [(eta6-arene)Ru(kappa2-L)]n+ (n = 0, 1) ([Ru]-1?[Ru]-10) containing pyridine-based bischelating N,O/N,N donor ligands (L1?L5) are synthesized and employed for the catalytic C?H bond activation/arylation of a wide range of 2-phenylpyridines and aryl halides in water, affording the corresponding mono- and biarylated products. Exploring the reactivity of the synthesized complexes, our investigations, including time-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopic studies with ruthenium?arene catalysts, demonstrate a remarkable structure?activity relationship for the ligand-tuned C?H activation/arylation of 2-phenylpyridine, where the complexes with bischelating N,O donor-based ligands (acteylpyridine and picolinate) outperform those with N,N donor ligands (iminopyridine). Moreover, among the N,O donor ligands, a distinct effect of the nature of the coordinating oxygen donor on the catalytic activity is also observed, where ruthenium?arene complexes having N,O donor ligands (acetylpyridine) with neutral oxygen-donor atoms exhibit enhanced catalytic activity over those with anionic oxygen-donor atoms (picolinate). The observed trend in the catalytic activity is attributed to the ligand-promoted facile deprotonation and coordination?decoordination interconversion behavior. In addition, molecular structures for a few of the representative complexes ([Ru]-2, [Ru]-4, and [Ru]-5) are authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI